Yuanjia Calendar

元嘉历 Liu Song · He Chengtian

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Overview

Made by He Chengtian and promulgated in 443 CE. It created the “method of adjusting the day” (tiaori fa), a general procedure for handling fractional approximations.

Key data

ItemDetail
Period of use443 – 462 CE
CompilerHe Chengtian
InnovationThe tiaori fa
Year headJian-yin

He Chengtian and the Yuanjia calendar

The Yuanjia calendar was made by He Chengtian of the Liu Song and promulgated in 443 CE; it was used until 463 CE. He was learned in calendrical reckoning as well as in music and history, a scholar of wide range.

The tiaori fa

Calendrical work often has to express a measured quantity as a fraction between a “strong” and a “weak” rate. The tiaori fa takes the two and blends them, by proportional adjustment, into a fraction of the needed precision — approaching the true value by adjusting intermediate terms.

The method was general among later calendrists and was a systematic treatment of rational approximation in the calendar, of note in the history of mathematics as well.

Other work

He Chengtian also argued against the long “grand epoch” reckoning, preferring to start from a near, measured epoch; though not adopted then, the idea was taken up after the Tang.

From the Han on, calendrists increasingly worked from measurement: to reform a calendar one first measured the gnomon and the stars against the old methods.

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Compiled and arranged by Chujia Kuang.