Xin Yixiang Fayao

《新仪象法要》 1094–1096 · Su Song

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Overview

A monograph on the water-driven armillary-and-globe tower, with more than sixty plates — the earliest Chinese work combining text and image on astronomical instruments.

Key data

ItemDetail
AuthorSu Song (1020–1101)
Completed1094–1096 (Shaosheng reign, Song)
VolumesThree
Core contentThe structure of the water-driven tower, star charts, the armillary

Book and instrument

Su Song and Han Gonglian built the water-driven armillary-and-globe tower in the Yuanyou period;

the Xin Yixiang Fayao is the monograph on it: the armillary first, then the celestial globe, then the tower and its driving mechanism.

Its mechanical drawings and star charts are among the earliest such images in China.

The star charts it contains

The book carries two star charts: one of the Purple Forbidden enclosure on the globe, and one of the central and outer star-officials of the northeast and southwest.

The positions and numbers of the stars drawn are important material for the star-officials of the Song.

The charts rest on a systematic stellar survey of the Northern Song.

The machinery

The book describes the transmission of the tower in detail: driven by water,

through a gear train turning the globe and a time-announcing device — a masterpiece joining astronomy to mechanics.

Value

The Xin Yixiang Fayao is the earliest and most complete Chinese monograph on astronomical instruments.

Its combination of text and image allows the Song instrument to be reconstructed from words, and it is prized in the history of technology.

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Compiled and arranged by Chujia Kuang.

VI · Works on Calendrical Mathematics and Instruments Liujing Tianwen Bian → Back to Classic Books