The silk manuscript “Miscellaneous Prognostications from Astronomy and Weather”

马王堆帛书《天文气象杂占》 c. 168 BCE

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Overview

A divination text combining pictures with explanations, with more than thirty drawings of comets — the earliest surviving depictions of comet forms.

Key data

ItemDetail
Excavated1973, Mawangdui tomb 3, Changsha, Hunan
Datec. 168 BCE
MaterialSilk manuscript, pictures and text side by side
ContentsDivination by clouds, vapours, comets and stars
PublicationThe Mawangdui Han Tomb Silk Manuscripts

Form

The manuscript sets pictures and explanations side by side: the pictures show the forms of clouds, vapours and comets, the text gives the prognostication.

There are several dozen pictures, each with its text — an early instance of the “chart and prognostication” line.

The comet drawings

The comets drawn in the manuscript differ in form: single-tailed, double-tailed, forked-tailed,

and several of the forms agree with the actual appearance of comet tails as observed today.

These are the earliest surviving depictions of comet forms, physical evidence for the history of comet morphology.

Value

Divination by astronomy and weather was a major class of ancient lore; transmitted texts often keep only its titles and not its pictures.

This manuscript has both text and image, and is the only early object for studying this knowledge and its pictorial tradition.

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Compiled and arranged by Chujia Kuang.