Shuli Jingyun

《数理精蕴》 1723 · compiled by imperial order under Kangxi

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Overview

The officially compiled Qing compendium of mathematics, systematically introducing Western arithmetic and geometry — the summary of the westward transmission of mathematics in the early Qing.

Key data

ItemDetail
Completed1723 (first year of Yongzheng, Qing)
CompilationBy imperial order under Kangxi
VolumesFifty-three
ContentsArithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, algebra (the “root-borrowing method”)

Why it was compiled

The Kangxi emperor was fond of mathematics and ordered the compilation of the Shuli Jingyun,

which with the Lixiang Kaocheng and the Correct Meaning of Pitch and Pitch Pipes forms the Origins of Pitch and Calendar.

It gathers the Western mathematics then introduced together with traditional Chinese mathematics into one work.

Contents and form

The work is divided into sections on establishing the principles and on applying them in detail:

the former treats the principles of mathematics, the latter the applications of its various methods.

It covers arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, and the algebra then called the “root-borrowing method.”

It restates the notation and methods of Western mathematics in Chinese, making them easy for scholars to study.

Value

The Shuli Jingyun is the authorized Qing compendium of mathematics,

standing to calendrical learning as the outside to the inside: calendrical computation is impossible without mathematics.

The entry of Western methods at the end of the Ming and the beginning of the Qing is a key passage in the exchange between Chinese and Western calendrics: from Matteo Ricci’s arrival, through the reform urged by Xu Guangqi and others, to Adam Schall’s recension, a whole body of Western astronomy passed by stages into the Chinese almanac. The claim that “Western learning has its source in China” was one Qing response to this.

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Compiled and arranged by Chujia Kuang.

VI · Works on Calendrical Mathematics and Instruments ← Lixiang Kaocheng Houbian Suanxue → Back to Classic Books