The Tsinghua bamboo manuscript “Four Seasons”

清华简《四时》 Warring States · c. 300 BCE

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Overview

Taking the four seasons and twelve months in order, it records the stars, seasonal signs and prescriptions of each month, to be read against the “Monthly Ordinances” line.

Key data

ItemDetail
CollectionTsinghua University Warring States bamboo slips
PeriodMiddle to late Warring States
LengthOver forty slips
StructureChapters by the four seasons and twelve months
PublicationVolume 13 of the Tsinghua University Warring States Bamboo Slips

Structure

The text runs by the four seasons and twelve months, each chapter giving that month’s stars, seasonal signs and prescriptions.

Its form is close to the Xia Xiao Zheng and the “Monthly Ordinances,” belonging to the class that attaches affairs to the seasons.

A companion text

Among the Tsinghua slips is another text, “Directing the Year,” also framed by season and month but with a different brief: “Four Seasons” treats the government of the seasons, “Directing the Year” the fortune of the year.

Several texts of one class in a single batch shows how current the genre was in the Warring States.

Value

Transmitted texts of the “Monthly Ordinances” line were mostly edited by Han scholars, and their early Warring States face is hard to recover.

The Tsinghua “Four Seasons” presents that early form directly, a valuable comparison.

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Compiled and arranged by Chujia Kuang.